What Is The Racial Makeup Of Provence France
| Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Provença-Aups-Còsta d'Azur (Occitan) | |
|---|---|
| Region of French republic | |
 View of Menton | |
| Flag Glaze of arms | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 44°00′North 6°00′E / 44.000°N 6.000°Eastward / 44.000; 6.000 Coordinates: 44°00′North 6°00′E / 44.000°N 6.000°East / 44.000; half-dozen.000 | |
| Country |  France |
| Prefecture | Marseille |
| Departments | 6
|
| Regime | |
| • President of the Regional Quango | Renaud Muselier (DVD) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 31,400 kmii (12,100 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 10th |
| Population (January. 2019)[1] | |
| • Total | 5,081,101 |
| • Density | 160/km2 (420/sq mi) |
| Demonym(s) | Provençals |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| ISO 3166 code | FR-PAC |
| Gdp (2012)[2] | Ranked 3rd |
| Full | €142.4 billion (The states$183.1 bn) |
| Per capita | €28,861 (Usa$37,121) |
| Basics Region | FR8 |
| Website | maregionsud.fr |
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur [3] (French pronunciation: [pʁɔvɑ̃s‿alp kot d‿azyʁ]; Occitan: Provença-Aups-Còsta d'Azur, [pɾuˈvɛnso̞ ˈawps ˈkɔsto̞ daˈzyɾ], or Provença-Alps-Còsta d'Azur , [pɾuˈvɛnso̞ ˈalps ˈkɔsto̞ daˈzyɾ]; commonly shortened to PACA; English: Provence-Alps-French Riviera; also known equally Région Sud) is ane of the eighteen administrative regions of France, the far southeastern on the mainland. Its prefecture and largest city is Marseille. The region is roughly coterminous with the former French province of Provence, with the addition of the following side by side areas: the sometime papal territory of Avignon, known as Comtat Venaissin; the one-time Sardinian-Piedmontese County of Nice annexed in 1860, whose coastline is known in English equally the French Riviera and in French as the Côte d'Azur; and the southeastern part of the former French province of Dauphiné, in the French Alps. Previously known by the acronym PACA, the region adopted the name Région Sud equally a commercial name or nickname in December 2017.[4] 5,007,977 people live in the region according to the 2015 census.[5]
Information technology encompasses half-dozen departments in Southeastern France: Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Alpes-Maritimes, Bouches-du-Rhône, Hautes-Alpes, Var and Vaucluse. It is bounded to the e past the France–Italy border, to the south by the Mediterranean Bounding main and past the Principality of Monaco, to the north by Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and to the w by Occitanie, with the Rhône marking its westernmost edge. The region logotype displays the coat of arms created in the 1990s and which combines the coats of artillery of the old provinces making up Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. The region's economy is the 3rd largest in France, just backside Île-de-French republic and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Its GDP in 2015 was €168.ii billion (Usa$190.5 billion)[6] while its per capita GDP was €30,863 (United states$34,950).[seven]
Demographics [edit]
Population [edit]
As of 2018, the population of the region was 5,052,832; Marseille and its metropolitan expanse is the well-nigh populous in the region with a city population of 868,277, an urban population of 1,607,292 and a metropolitan population of 1,863,762.[viii] Marseille is the 2nd largest metropolis in France later on Paris, and has the third largest metropolitan population, behind those of Paris and Lyon respectively.[nine]
Nice is host to the 2d-largest population concentration in the region, with a metropolis population of 344,875 and an urban population of one,005,230, making information technology the 5th-nigh populous city in French republic.
Languages [edit]
The absolute majority of the population speaks French merely many regional and foreign languages are present in the region.[10]
The 1999 Census, which included a complementary survey asking for the female parent tongue of the respondents, gave results on the virtually spoken mother tongues in Provence after French:[11]
- Provençal five.2%
- Italian 4.4%
- Standard arabic 3.0%
- Spanish two.eight%
- Corsican 1.1%
Immigration [edit]
Co-ordinate to a 2009 report, most 40% of all newborns in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in 2007 had at least i parent of an immigrant groundwork, mostly Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Maghrebi. This is the second-highest rate after Île-de-France (Greater Paris), where the figure was around 56%.[12] Since the 1960s, the region has been a major clearing centre into France, mostly due to Mediterranean immigration from countries such every bit Portugal, Espana, Italy, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco.[xiii]
Departments [edit]
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur is divided into 6 departments. These are Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Hautes-Alpes, Alpes-Maritimes, Bouches-du-Rhône, Var and Vaucluse.
| Department | Area | Population | Prefecture | Sub-prefecture(s) | Population density | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 04 | Alpes-de-Haute-Provence | half dozen,944 kmtwo (2,681 sq mi) | 161,241 | Digne-les-Bains | Barcelonnette, Castellane and Forcalquier | 23/km2 (threescore/sq mi) |
| 05 | Hautes-Alpes | five,549 km2 (two,142 sq mi) | 139,554 | Gap | Briançon | 24/kmtwo (62/sq mi) |
| 06 | Alpes-Maritimes | 4,299 km2 (1,660 sq mi) | 1,084,428 | Nice | Grasse | 252/kmtwo (650/sq mi) |
| thirteen | Bouches-du-Rhône | v,112 km2 (1,974 sq mi) | one,984,784 | Marseille | Aix-en-Provence, Arles and Istres | 385/km2 (ane,000/sq mi) |
| 83 | Var | 5,973 kmii (2,306 sq mi) | ane,021,669 | Toulon | Brignoles and Draguignan | 196/km2 (510/sq mi) |
| 84 | Vaucluse | 3,566 km2 (one,377 sq mi) | 546,314 | Avignon | Apt and Carpentras | 151/kmtwo (390/sq mi) |
Major cities [edit]
The largest cities in the region are Marseille (regional prefecture), Nice, Toulon and Aix-en-Provence, each with a population exceeding 100,000 inhabitants at the 1999 census. After Marseille, Nice is the second nigh populous city in the region, with a urban center proper population of almost 350,000 and an urban population exceeding 1 million.
Marseille has an urban area of 2 one thousand thousand inhabitants and is the largest and capital city of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. It is also the 2nd-well-nigh populated city in France, only backside Paris, and the city with the third-largest metropolitan population in French republic, backside Paris and Lyon, respectively.
Forth with Squeamish and Marseille, the region is also made internationally popular with Cannes, a metropolis that, despite its insufficiently small size (population of 73,603 in 2012), hosts the almanac Cannes Film Festival, which has highly popularized the region. In improver, Arles has become renowned equally the city where Vincent van Gogh lived and painted 300 paintings.
Toulon is a large military harbour on the Mediterranean coast and is habitation to a French naval base. Information technology is the capital of the Var section in the region. Also, Aix-en-Provence has long been a university town and, to this day, remains the virtually important educational centre in the region.
Below is a listing of the most populated cities in the region along with their population (city proper) according to the well-nigh recent census:
- Aix-en-Provence – 142,743
- Antibes (includes Juan-les-Pins) – 76,994
- Arles – 52,729
- Aubagne – 46,423
- Avignon – 90,194
- Cannes – 73,603
- Draguignan – 38,258
- Fréjus – 52,389
- Grasse – 51,580
- Hyères – 56,275
- La Seyne-sur-Mer – 64,903
- Le Cannet – 40,940
- Mandelieu-la-Napoule – 22,714
- Manosque – 22,333
- Marseille – 861,636
- Martigues – 76,471
- Mougins – xix,703
- Nice – 343,875
- Salon-de-Provence – 45,400
- Toulon – 167,729
- Villeneuve-Loubet – 14,427
Geography [edit]
This region has a full area of 31,400 km2 (12,100 sq mi). Information technology has a broad variety of landscapes, from the Alps mountains to plains and littoral areas like Squeamish and Marseille, which form the bulk of the state area. The region has a Mediterranean coastline on the south, on which the majority of its population lives. It borders Italia (Liguria and Piedmont) to the east, Monaco (Fontvieille, La Colle, La Rousse, Larvotto, Les Moneghetti, Les Révoires, Saint Michel) in the southward-e, and the French regions of Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes to the north and Occitanie to the west. The Rhône, Durance, Var and Arc rivers run through the region. The borders were unaffected past the 2016 French regional reforms.
This region is famous for the Côte d'Azur (French Riviera), which spans the coastal cities of Nice, Saint-Laurent-du-Var, Antibes, Juan-les-Pins, Cannes, Mandelieu-la-Napoule, Fréjus, Saint-Raphaël, Sainte-Maxime and Saint-Tropez; and on the Rhône river, the metropolis of Avignon which is surrounded past medieval stone walls.
Regional government and politics [edit]
The Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur is the legislative body of the region. The President of the Regional Council has been Renaud Muselier of The Republicans (LR) since 2017.[xiv]
Political tendencies [edit]
In the recent years, The Republicans have gained strong back up in the region. Following the 2015 election, the party took command of the regional executive, which had been previously controlled by the Socialist Party (PS). Christian Estrosi succeeded Michel Vauzelle equally President of the Regional Council. The 2015 election was also a show of force for the National Front (FN), led past Marion Maréchal-Le Pen, which garnered over 45% of the vote in the second round.[xv]
The French Communist Party (PCF) historically had several strongholds in the region from the 1920s onward, including Aubagne, Draguignan, La Ciotat, Beausoleil, Martigues, Gardanne, Arles and some suburbs of Marseille, although not enough to win regional elections; the party usually received about 10% of the vote. In the 2002 presidential election, this declined to 4%.[16] In 2007, it dropped below 2%.[17]
Nowadays the main competition in regional politics is betwixt The Republicans and the National Rally (erstwhile National Front).[18] In the second round of the 2021 regional election, The Republicans received 57.3% of the vote against the National Rally'southward 42.7%.[19]
In the 2nd round of the concluding four presidential elections, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur voted as follows, with the winner of the election indicated in italics:
| Election | Regional winner | Regional runner-up |
|---|---|---|
| 2017 | Emmanuel Macron (55.5%) | Marine Le Pen (45.5%) |
| 2012 | Nicolas Sarkozy (57.6%) | François Hollande (42.4%) |
| 2007 | Nicolas Sarkozy (61.8%) | Ségolène Royal (38.2%) |
| 2002 | Jacques Chirac (72.3%) | Jean-Marie Le Pen (27.seven%) |
Economic system [edit]
Cassis, typical Provençal seaside village, popular vacation destination
The regional income per capita is shut to the French national boilerplate. Income inequality however is higher than in other regions: it is ranked the 2nd region most marked past inequalities after Île-de-France.[xx] The region is ranked fifth by Gdp (equally of 2016).[21] Between 2007 and 2011, the region registered an average annual growth charge per unit of ane.6% of Gdp (Eurostat), close to the national boilerplate almanac growth rate of 1.5%. Representing 7.2% of the national Gross domestic product over the catamenia,[22] the region is an important economical powerhouse.
In 2013, the region was responsible for 7.4% of national employment,[23] with an employment rate of sixty.9%.[24] The region's employment success has a main characteristic: a higher concentration of elderly people than in the rest of France (respectively 27.one% and 24.one% in 2013).[25]
With more 80% of regional employment in the service sector in 2016,[26] the regional economic system is mostly oriented towards service activities, above the national boilerplate of 75.8%.[27] The sector grew between 2000 and 2010 (three.one% on almanac average versus two.ane% in France). The region concentrates more on commercial activities than financial ones than the remainder of France does; principally because of tourism. 34% of the labour force is employed in retail and trade, against 32% at the national level. Moreover, the sector strongly contributes to growth of added value (81.5% vs. 77.3% at the national level). The industrial sector (existing mainly through the Marseille-Fos Port), including construction, consists of 17.ane% of regional employment (vs. xx.half dozen% in the residue of French republic), and contributes to 9.iii% of gross added value, 3.two points below the French level.
Employment in the agricultural sector is lower than the national level (two.four% against 3.one%). However, it grew at a charge per unit of 4.1% annually on average between 2000 and 2008, while the rest of the country saw its agricultural employment decline by two.4%. According to the INSEE, the region is characterised past a stiff presence of SMEs of less than 500 employees, which represent 91.ii% of local businesses (higher than the national average of 90.nine%). Retail activities and tourism explain these figures.
The region's economy is dependent on tourism similar nigh coastal places but also a majority of its economy is dependent on coastal activities. PACA is the 3rd richest French region and ranks 19th on the European scale. Its prosperity is mainly thanks to its attractiveness in terms of tourism; information technology is indeed one of the earth's favourite tourist destinations, welcoming about 34 million tourists every year. The service sector predominates and provides many proficient jobs. In 2009, the region was admittedly affected by the global economic crisis, albeit to a modest extent. Information technology is (later the Paris expanse) the 2nd French region with regards to business startups.
If tourism is the driving strength of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, the region is besides a leader when it comes to innovative sectors, such every bit high applied science, biotechnology, and microminiaturization. Educational activity, for its part, is well developed with the region's various universities, international schools, preparatory classes for specialist university courses, and engineering science and business schools. All these institutions of higher learning assist contribute to the homo majuscule needed by the region to meet electric current technological challenges.
The region has a full GDP (2018) of €166.iv billion (United states$188.7 bn), the sixth highest in France.[28] It has a per capita Gross domestic product of €30,864 (US$34,994),[29] slightly higher than the French boilerplate. According to a recent survey, a person living in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur has an average almanac income of virtually €37,489 (US$45,755).
The region has been part of the Alps–Mediterranean Euroregion since x July 2007.[xxx]
Culture [edit]
The region is one of the most visited of France, and has therefore many well-known museums, mostly in Marseille: the Museum of European and Mediterranean Civilisations, the Musée Cantini, the Musée Grobet-Labadié, the Marseille History Museum, the Musée des beaux-arts de Marseille, the Musée de la Faïence de Marseille and the Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Marseille are some of the tourist spots of the urban center. However, other museums are internationally recognised, like the Musée Matisse, the Musée d'fine art moderne et d'fine art contemporain, the Musée Marc Chagall, the Musée international d'Art naïf Anatole Jakovsky, the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nice, the Musée National du Sport and the Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Nice.
Transportation [edit]
Airports [edit]
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur has two of the busiest airports in French republic: Nice Côte d'Azur Airport (ranking third nationally afterward Charles de Gaulle Airport and Orly Airport) and Marseille Provence Drome (ranking fifth nationally after Lyon–Saint-Exupéry Airport).[31] Nice saw 14,485,423 people travelling through its airport in 2019,[32] while 10,151,743 used Marseille to fly.[33] As of 2019, the third-busiest airport in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur is Toulon–Hyères Drome (507,199 passengers),[34] ranking 27th nationally.
Motorways [edit]
The region is at the eye of a circuitous and dumbo freeway network, in the centre of Mediterranean declension. Motorways are operated by ASF, ESCOTA,[35] SMTC, MPM (Marseille Metropolis) and DIR Med (State). In PACA, motorways have the particularity to serve the urban center centres of large cities, unlike other big cities of France. This is due to their comparatively early on structure in relation to the motorways of France's other regions.
- A7 - Autoroute du Soleil "Motorway of the Sunday" links the region to Lyon and on to the Northward of France. This motorway starts in key Marseille at the Porte d'Aix. The road widens at Septèmes Valleys and meets the A51. After a junction with the A55 and connecting highways A517, A551 and A552, the motorway crosses Vitrolles in 2x2x2 lanes. Information technology serves Marseille Provence Airport and Aix-en-Provence TGV railway station. Subsequently 10 kilometres, the A7 passes the Berre-l'Étang petrochimical complex at a junction with the D8 highway. Later this it meets the A8 Provençal motorway at La Fare-les-Oliviers. Subsequently the toll station at Lançon-de-Provence, the road meets the A54 motorway at Salon-de-Provence. The motorway continues along the Rhône and Durance to Avignon and Orange until Lyon.
- A8 - La Provençale, crosses the region from westward to east to Italy. This motorway starts from the A7 at La Fare-les-Oliviers. The first part of complimentary-route starts and cross Aix-en-Provence to be linked with A51 and N296 motorways. Subsequently the Palette Valley, the expressway arrives to the La Barque tool and the junction with the A52 to Aubagne, Marseille-Est and Toulon. Crossing the Var department with the A8/A57 junction at Le Luc, the A8 gets a mountain profile to cantankerous the French Riviera: Cannes, Antibes, Nice. A connectedness is made with A500 motorway at La Turbie to serves the Principauty of Monaco. Afterward Menton, the freeway cross the Italian edge until Genoa.
- A50 - This state highway connects the eastward of Marseilles after the Prado-Carénage tooltunnel to Toulon. After crossing the Huveaune Valley and the S of Aubagne, the expressway goes about the coast to Toulon city centre. The motorway crosses the metropolis with a tunnel until A57. It is a suburban thruway.
- A51 - Autoroute du Val de Durance "Pike of the Durance Valley". The expressway starts with the A7/A51/A517 junction in the north of Marseille between Plan-de-Campagne and Septèmes Valleys. 20 kilometres afterward, the motorway stops at the A8/A516/A51/N296 junction in the southern part of Aix-en-Provence. At Aix-Nord, the motorway restarts and goes to rural South Alps after Manosque. Information technology ends nigh Tallard, at 20 km (12 mi) south from Gap.
- A52 - Grand Contournement de Marseille "Marseille Bypass". The throughway starts at the A8/A52 junction in Aix-Est (La Barque). It is a mountain 2x2 throughway congenital at xx km (12 mi) around Marseille. Afterward the A52/A520 junction and Pont de l'Étoile, it ends at Aubagne, connected with A501 and A50.
- A54 - Autoroute de la Crau "Crau Motorway". This freeway starts at the A7/A54 junction at Salon-Est and the crossing of Salon-de-Provence with four exits, the throughway arrives at the Crau Plain. It ends at the N569/A54 junction in Saint-Martin de Crau. It re-begins at Arles-Ouest to Nîmes, Montpellier and Barcelona.
- A55 - Autoroute du Littoral "Littoral State highway". This motorway starts at Port-de-Bouc. Later the Martigues bridge, the motorway passes at the south of the Berre pond in the Estaque Mountains After the A7/A55/A551/A552 junction at Les Pennes-Mirabeau, information technology crosses the mountains and arrives at Marseille (Estaque commune). After the junction of Grand Littoral, the way crosses the new Euroméditerranée Central Business organisation District with a long bridge of seven km (four.iii mi). Cars enter in the Joliette tunnel, connected by the Vieux-Port tunnel under the sea and the Prado-Carénage tooltunnel. These iii tunnels crosses the Marseille city eye. A55 is connected with A50.
- A57 - Autoroute des Maures "Maures motorway". This motorways starts at A50/A57 junction after the Toulon tunnel. After the A57/1570 junction at La Valette-du-Var, the freeway continues forth the apparently of Maures to Cuers and Le Luc to be link with the A8.
- A500 - Tunnel de Monaco "Monaco Tunnel". This freeway starts at La Turbie (A8) at the west of Monaco. The A8 goes over Monaco but A500 goes in Monaco with a v km (iii.1 mi) tunnel to the principality.
- A501 - Aubagne bypass, connects A50 to A52.
- A502 - Garlaban motorway. This footling motorway connects the A50 from Aubagne to Aubagne-Est to the Garlaban mountains.
- A515 - Junction from A51 to Gardanne.
- A516 - 50'Aixoise. This throughway connects the A51 southern East Junction to Aix city centre.
- A517 - Convergent de Septèmes-les-Vallons "Convergent of Septemes Valleys". Link between A7 and 51.
- A520 - Autoroute de la Sainte Baume "Ste. Baume motorway". This motorway starts from A52 at Pont de l'Étoile and ends at Auriol East to be connected with N560 to the Sambuc laissez passer and Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume.
- A570 - Autoroute de la Côte "Thruway of the Coast". Link between A57 and Hyères. The national route N97 continues later on to Saint-Tropez
- N113 - Highway in Vitrolles along the A7. Highway of the Crau Plain between Saint-Martin-de-Crau (A54) to Arles-Ouest (A54).
- N296 - Aix-en-Provence featherbed.
- N569 - Port of Fos-Marseille.
- D6 - Highway of Arc Valley from A515 to Rousset-Peynier Technologies center.
- D8 - Petrochimical area of Berre.
- D9 - Link between Marseille Provence Airport, Aix TGV high speed train station, the Arbois desert, Europolis and Aix-en-Provence.
Trains [edit]
High speed services [edit]
The region is served by 13 high-speed trains stations and one more than in the Principality of Monaco. Two stations are situated on the LGV Méditerranée opened in 2001: Avignon TGV and Aix-en-Provence TGV. The others stations served by high-speed services are Avignon-Middle, Arles, Miramas, Marseille-Saint-Charles, Toulon, Les Arcs-Draguignan, Saint-Raphaël-Valescure, Cannes, Antibes, Nice-Ville and Menton.
Services operated
- Paris GDL to Avignon-Center / Miramas
- Paris GDL to Marseille, Toulon, Nice, Monaco and Ventimiglia (Italian republic)
- Nantes / Rennes to Marseille
- Strasbourg to Marseille
- Lille to Marseille
- Nancy / Metz / Dijon to Marseille / Squeamish
- Le Havre to Marseille
Services operated by SNCF Ouigo:
- Marne-la-Vallée – Chessy to Marseille
- Lyon-Perrache to Marseille
Services operated by SNCB/NMBS TGV:
- Bruxelles Midi/Brussel Zuid (Belgium) to Marseille and Nice
Services operated by CFF Lyria:
- Genève (Switzerland) to Marseille and Nice
Services operated past DB Alleo:
- Frankfurt am Main (Germany) to Marseille
Services operated past Renfe AVE:
- Madrid-Atocha (Espana) to Barcelona (Spain) to Marseille
Services operated past Eurostar:
- London Saint Pancras Int. (United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland) to Ashford (Britain) and Marseille
Services operated by Thalys (seasonal):
- Amsterdam (Netherlands) to Brussel (Belgium) and Marseille
National services [edit]
Despite the importance of the region in the national economic system and demography, the national services on conventional network are not very high due to the fact of the saturations of the tracks with high speed and regional trains.
Services operated past SNCF Intercités:
- Bordeaux-Saint-Jean to Toulouse, Montpellier, Marseille-Saint-Charles and Squeamish
- Paris-Austerlitz to Marseille-Blancarde and Dainty (night train)
- Paris-Austerlitz to Gap and Briançon (night train)
Services operated by Thello Eurocity:
- Marseille-Saint-Charles to Nice, Monaco, Ventimiglia, Genoa and Milano Centrale (Italia)
Regional services [edit]
Regional service making a finish at Le Rove station
All regional trains services are operated by SNCF TER Provence-Alpes Côte d'Azur, except between Nice and Digne-les-Bains, operated by CP, the own-region company. The Regional Council of Provence-Alpes Côte d'Azur is the transport authority and defines the services in all region. An bonny fare permits to transport more than 100,000 passengers every day in 750 trains. Trains are leaving every 15, 20, 30, lx or 120 minutes on each line.
With only one big line, the tracks are saturated causing delays or cancellations. The region has to rent other trains from other regions to respond at the offer. In 2016, during the 2nd Quango of the Year at the Region Hall in Marseille, in front end of politicians and the new President of the Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Christian Estrosi, the SNCF CEO, Guillaume Pepy, has appear the impossibility of the company to respond to the demand. The Marseille-Saint-Charles Station, the Marseille's main railway station can't back up more than 23 trains an hour and the tracks are besides old and not enough to accept an average of the chapters. The project of new loftier-speed line called LGV PACA in 2030 could permit to increment trains on tracks with a new crossing of Marseille with a tunnel. Ii new stations volition be created in the territory of the metropolis and a new line between Cannes and Nice Côte d'Azur Drome.
Services operated past CP:
- Nice CP to Colomars and Plan du Var
- Nice CP to Digne-les-Bains
Services operated by SNCF are declined with two appellations different other regions : TER, normally suburban trains and Intervilles, long-altitude regional trains. Services operated by SNCF Intervilles:
- Marseille-Saint-Charles to Toulon, Prissy and Monaco
- Marseille-Saint-Charles to Gap and Briançon
- Marseille-Saint-Charles to Avignon and Lyon-Part-Dieu
- Marseille-Saint-Charles to Montpellier, Narbonne and Perpignan
- Briançon to Gap, Valence TGV, Valence-Ville and Romans-sur-Isère
- Avignon-Centre to Montpellier, Narbonne and Perpignan
Services operated by SNCF TER:
- Marseille-Saint-Charles to Marseille-Euroméditerranée, Port-de-Bouc and Miramas
- Marseille-Saint-Charles to Vitrolles MP Airdrome, Miramas and Avignon-Eye
- Marseille-Saint-Charles to Vitrolles MP Airport, Miramas, Nîmes and Montpellier-Saint-Roch
- Marseille-Saint-Charles to Marseille-Euroméditerranée, Vitrolles MP Airport, Salon-de-Provence, Avignon-Centre and Avignon TGV
- Marseille-Saint-Charles to Saint-Antoine, Aix-en-Provence and Pertuis
- Marseille-Saint-Charles to Saint-Antoine, Aix-en-Provence and Sisteron
- Marseille-Saint-Charles to Marseille-Blancarde and Aubagne
- Marseille-Saint-Charles to Marseille-Blancarde, Aubagne, Toulon and Hyères
- Marseille-Saint-Charles to Marseille-Blancarde, Aubagne, Toulon and Les Arcs-Draguignan
- Avignon-Heart, Valence and Lyon-Perrache
- Avignon-Center to Nîmes, Montpellier, Narbonne and Perpignan
- Avignon TGV to Avignon-Centre and Carpentras
- Les Arcs-Draguignan to Cannes, Nice, Monaco and Menton
- Grasse to Cannes, Nice, Monaco, Menton and Ventimiglia (Italy)
- Dainty-Ville to Breil-sur-Roya and Cuneo (Italy)
- Briançon to Gap and Grenoble
Environment [edit]
The mining company Alteo processes bauxite to produce aluminium, resulting in various waste materials such as "boues rouges" (red mud) and arsenic. The dumping of this waste in the marine reserve of Calanques National Park for six years was authorised past the French Authorities in 2015. Company representatives accept dismissed environmental concerns as exaggerated and uninformed.[36] [37] [38] [39] The region as well includes another national park, Port-Cros National Park nearly Toulon.
Due to motor vehicle traffic, the urban areas are frequently saturated on a daily basis, simply cities are investing in public send networks such as Marseille'south subway (2 lines) and tramway (three lines), the Aubagne tramway (one line) and the Prissy tramway (3 lines). Other networks existed at the get-go of the 20th century in smaller cities such equally Aix-en-Provence, Avignon, La Ciotat and Toulon but are at present gone.
Didactics [edit]
Major universities of the region include the Aix-Marseille University, the University of Toulon, the Academy of Avignon and the Côte d'Azur University. Other towns take higher education classes but no universities.
References [edit]
- ^ "Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2019". The National Establish of Statistics and Economical Studies. 28 Dec 2020.
- ^ INSEE. "Produits intérieurs bruts régionaux et valeurs ajoutées régionales de 1990 à 2012". Retrieved 2014-03-04 .
- ^ The Committee nationale de toponymie uses the Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur version, in accordance with the French usage of hyphens. archive.wikiwix.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-05-11. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
- ^ "La Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur ne sera plus surnommée " PACA " mais " région Sud "". Le Monde.fr. Dec 16, 2017 – via Le Monde.
- ^ "En 2015, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur a franchi le seuil des 5 millions d'habitants - Insee Wink Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur - 39". www.insee.fr . Retrieved 2021-12-27 .
- ^ "Regional Economy". stats.oecd.org . Retrieved 2021-12-27 .
- ^ "French republic GDP per capita: Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur | Economic Indicators | CEIC". www.ceicdata.com . Retrieved 2021-12-27 .
- ^ "Comparateur de territoire: Région de Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (93), Marseille (13055), UU Marseille-Aix-en-Provence (00759), AAV Marseille - Aix-en-Provence (003)". INSEE. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
- ^ About-France.com. "The biggest cities and towns in France, ranked by population". well-nigh-france.com . Retrieved 2021-12-27 .
- ^ "Langues et cité - L'occitan" (PDF). Ministère de la Culture. 2007.
- ^ Blanchet, Philippe; Louis-Jean, Calvet; Damien, Hilléreau; Wilczyk, Ewen (2003-05-01). "Le volet linguistique du recensement français de 1999 résultats et analyse appliqués à la Provence plurilingue et au provençal".
- ^ Bardakdjian-Michau J, Bahuau Thousand, Hurtrel D, et al. (Jan 2009). "Neonatal screening for sickle jail cell disease in France". J. Clin. Pathol. 62 (1): 31–3. doi:10.1136/jcp.2008.058867. PMID 19103855. S2CID 14945304.
- ^ Gastaut, Yvan (2009-03-01). "Histoire de l'immigration en PACA aux XIXe et XXe siècles". Hommes & migrations. Revue française de référence sur les dynamiques migratoires (in French) (1278): 48–61. doi:10.4000/hommesmigrations.226. ISSN 1142-852X.
- ^ "Speaker Renaud MUSELIER". IUCN Earth Conservation Congress 2020 . Retrieved 2021-12-29 .
- ^ "Elections régionales 2015 : Christian Estrosi l'emporte face à Marion Maréchal-Le Pen". Europe 1 (in French). Retrieved 2021-12-29 .
- ^ "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur : Résultats de fifty'élection présidentielle 2002". LExpress.fr (in French). Retrieved 2021-12-29 .
- ^ "Résultats élection présidentielle 2007 French republic entière". LExpress.fr (in French). Retrieved 2021-12-29 .
- ^ Brustier, Gaël (2021-05-21). "Les Républicains et le Rassemblement national: attrape-moi si tu peux!". Slate.fr (in French). Retrieved 2021-12-30 .
- ^ "Régionales 2021 en Paca : Renaud Muselier ( LR) élu devant Thierry Mariani (RN), réactions et résultats". French republic three Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (in French). Retrieved 2021-12-30 .
- ^ "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur est la 2e région la plus marquée par les inégalités - Insee Analyses Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur - 53". www.insee.fr . Retrieved 2021-12-30 .
- ^ "Fitch Affirms Region of Provence-Alpes-Cote-d'Azur at 'AA-'; Outlook Stable". world wide web.fitchratings.com . Retrieved 2021-12-30 .
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Quel est le poids économique des 13 régions de France dans le PIB national ?". Ecomnews (in French). Retrieved 2021-12-30 .
{{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Chiffres cles de la region Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur" (PDF). www.paca.cci.fr. 2013-02-15. Retrieved 2021-12-30 .
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-condition (link) - ^ "Population active, emploi et chômage en 2013 − Recensement de la population – Résultats pour toutes les communes, départements, régions, intercommunalités... | Insee". www.insee.fr . Retrieved 2021-12-30 .
- ^ "Vieillissement de la population et territoire en Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur" (PDF). connaissance-territoire.maregionsud.fr. 2019-01-eighteen. Retrieved 2021-12-30 .
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-condition (link) - ^ "Le tertiaire domine largement en Paca". Alternatives Economiques (in French). Retrieved 2021-12-30 .
- ^ "Emploi par activité − Tableaux de fifty'économie française | Insee". www.insee.fr . Retrieved 2021-12-30 .
- ^ "France'southward GDP by region". Statista . Retrieved 2021-12-thirty .
- ^ "GDP per capita in French republic 2015". Statista . Retrieved 2021-12-xxx .
- ^ "Alpes-Méditerranée : une nouvelle eurorégion est née". Banque des Territoires (in French). 2006-11-28. Retrieved 2021-12-30 .
- ^ "List of major airports in France". AirMundo . Retrieved 2021-12-30 .
- ^ "L'aéroport de Nice a dépassé les 14 millions de passagers en 2019". LEFIGARO (in French). 2020-01-15. Retrieved 2021-12-30 .
- ^ "Marseille dépasse les 10 millions de passagers | Air Journal" (in French). Retrieved 2021-12-thirty .
- ^ "Union des Aéroports Français". www.aeroport.fr . Retrieved 2021-12-30 .
- ^ "Les sociétés de VINCI Autoroutes". corporate.vinci-autoroutes.com (in French). Retrieved 2021-12-30 .
- ^ "Le rejet de produits toxiques autorisé dans le Parc national des Calanques". Le Monde.fr. Dec 29, 2015 – via Le Monde.
- ^ "Querelle entre Imperial et Valls sur le rejet des boues rouges dans les Calanques". LEFIGARO. 30 December 2015.
- ^ "Arrêt des rejets de " boues rouges " en mer - Alteo Gardanne Environnement". alteo-environnement-gardanne.fr.
- ^ "PACA : le préfet autorise pour 6 ans le rejet des boues rouges dans le Parc national des Calanques". Sciences et Avenir. 30 December 2015.
External links [edit]
- Discover all the regions of France- Official French tourism website (in English) – separate entries for Côte d'Azur and Provence
- Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur at Curlie
- Conseil régional Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Official website of the regional quango
- Provenceweb.fr Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Guide
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur
Posted by: newellcoughterep61.blogspot.com
0 Response to "What Is The Racial Makeup Of Provence France"
Post a Comment